Varicose veins: pathological stretching of the walls of the peripheral veins, accompanied by the failure of the valve apparatus and a violation of the local blood flow.Changed ships are extended, winding and swelling appear in the form of superficial nodes.The main section of the lesion is the veins of the lower extremities.The patient's first complaint can be limited to a cosmetic defect in the form of vascular networks.In the context of the progression of the disease, a sense of severity in the legs and seizures are joined. Varicose veins, as a rule, most often bother women.The most common location is the subcutaneous veins of the legs, a little less often: hips.There are a group of factors that cause pathological stretching of the vascular wall: of external influences, which end with a genetic predisposition.It is worth familiar with the causes of varicose veins on the legs.
The causes of varicose veins
In the context of valve apparatus disorders and an increase in the volume of blood flow, there is a persistent expansion of vascular light.The composition of the venous walls includes the connective tissue, which, with excessive stretching, cannot decrease the original state.The symptoms of the varicose veins of the affected veins of the lower extremities progress: the blood that moves along the stretched vessels is subject to stagnation, exerting even greater pressure on them.This, in turn, leads to violations of the trophism of the surrounding tissues.
Essential
The causes of varicose veins are numerous and can be combined with each other.The main factors include:
- Characteristics of physical activity.Varicose veins are often found in men involved in the constant weightlifting (engines).The people of professions associated with a prolonged position in their feet (hairdressers), seated position (office workers) are also subject to diseases.
- Obesity.It applies to a significant overweight number.
- Hormonal changesFor example, the causes of varicose veins in women are a decrease in vascular tone during pregnancy against the context of progesterone production, taking any active drug medicine hormone.
- Inheritance.There are known cases of inheritance of the structure of the structure of the connective tissue, which increase the probability of obtaining the care of varicose veins.
Secondary
Both the characteristics of lifestyle and some types of diseases can aggravate a violation of venous blood flow.Secondary causes of varicose veins:
- Unknown shoes, symptoms of varicose veins in women (severity in the legs, cramps, vascular mesh), a frequent consequence of prolonged walking in high heels.
- Excessively tight clothes.
- Irrational sports (raising the bar).
- Diseases of internal organs and veins of-varicose systems due to a severe chronic cardiovascular failure.
- Arteriovenous derivations are a pathological transfer of arterial blood to the venous channel.
- Education pressed surrounding ships.
- Stress, due to the general disorder of the regulation of arteries and veins.
Stages
Varicosis in the lower extremities is not a pathology that arises simultaneously, but a gradual development process.In medical practice, several types of classifications are used.
The largest and universal shares 3 degrees:
- Compensation: Small cosmetic defects without characteristic complaints.
- Subcompensated: Stagnation progression, development of classic symptoms.
- Decompensation: join complications of varicose veins.
In the demand among the specialists is the clinical classification developed in 2000. The varicose veins in the legs include 4 stages:
- The varicose veins of the subcutaneous or intradermal veins, not accompanied by a violation of venous blood discharge.
- The segmental varicose veins with the discharge of venous blood in the veins of the lower (superficial) extremities.
- Extensive varicose veins with the same discharge as in the previous stage.
- Venous blood discharge in deep vessels.
Symptoms
The clinical course of varicose veins depends directly on the stage of the disease.In the early stages, complaints are related only to external defects in the form of vascular networks and leg stars.Later the following symptoms are joined:
- Varicose veins, the appearance of vascular subcutaneous nodes.
- Feeling of gravity, quick fatigue of the legs.
- Swelling of the lower extremities, often asymmetric.
- Pain syndrome, even seizures, especially expressed at the end of the day.
The varicose veins, if the treatment does not begin, can continue to cause metabolic disorders in the surrounding tissues.Initially, this will appear in dryness, skin pigmentation.In the decompensation phase, trophic ulcers appear, which are difficult to heal.
What doctor is dedicated to the treatment of varicose veins
If symptoms appear, suspicions of the presence of varicose veins in the legs, you should consult a specialist.The specialist will determine the severity of the disease and prescribe the conservative treatment.If there are indications of surgery, the doctor directs the patient to the vascular surgeon.
Diagnosis
To establish the fact of the disease, the doctor is a sufficiently ordinary exam.To clarify the stage of varicose veins and the determination of therapeutic tactics, they use these research methods:
- Clinical biochemical blood test, are included in the standard minimum.
- Ultrasound dopplerography is an evaluation of vessel permeability, the general condition of blood flow.
- Ultrasound duplex scan: combines standard ultrasound of tissues.
- Revasography is an evaluation of the level of hemodynamics of the limbs.
- Angiography is an invasive radiological study based on the introduction of a contrast matter into the vessel.
Treatment
The varicose veins in the legs are a pathology in the fight against which an integrated approach is required.The type of treatment depends on the disease stage.In the initial stages, they are limited to the prescription of non -invasive medicines and procedures.With the progression of varicose veins, they turn to surgery.
Medications
Several medications can be considered not only as part of conservative therapy, but also as preventive medications to prevent varicose veins or their complications.The stockings occur in several ways: ointments, gels for external use, tablets, capsules.Taking any of the medications should be agreed with the doctor.Leg pain, swelling with varicose veins, symptoms that successfully lend conservative therapy in the early stages.Basically, use drugs with moderate, anticoagulant and moderate antico -inflammatory effects.The treatment, as a rule, begins with the following media of local influence:
- With sodium heparin.
- Set.
Procedures
The treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities is based on the following mechanisms: Improve regional blood flow through physical activity, artificial narrowing of blood vessels using external compression or a complete superposition of the light of the affected vein.
Non -invasive methods:
- Therapeutic gymnastics.
- Using compression knit garments.
Invasive procedures:
- Sclerotherapy.It is based on the introduction of substances with sticky properties.The lock container turns off the total blood flow.The manipulation is indicated with the initial symptoms of the varicose veins of the lower extremities.It is not suitable for eliminating too large nodes.
- Ozonotherapy.By the beginning, it is similar to the previous methodology.The introduction of ozone helps in the fight against vascular stars.
Popular methods
The use of funds in this category requires compulsory conversation with the treating doctor.Popular recipes can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but not completely cure.For this reason, they should be considered only as an auxiliary agent.
Examples of recipes:
- Place 3 apples in boiling water, cover with a lid and leave 4 hours in heat.Drink softened apples, leave in a pan, mix.StrainAdd honey (1 tablespoon spoon) to the resulting solution before using).Take an eyelet before meals.
- Ointment with chestnut of horses.Proportions: 5 fruits of chestnut, 5 tablespoons of its flowers, 500 ml of the base (vegetable oil or oil jelly).Muela the raw materials, mix all components.Place in a water bath, do not have more than 3 hours.Strain
Surgery
Surgical treatment is the choice option in cases where therapeutic methods to combat varicose veins are not effective.Currently, several surgical techniques have been developed that differ in the degree of invasiveness.Types of procedures in an increase in the volume of surgical intervention:
- Laser coagulation of legs of the legs.It is divided into endovasal and contactless.In the first case, we are talking about the installation of a laser coagulator in the light of the affected container under local anesthesia, in the second and the use of a laser without violating the integrity of the skin.The purpose of the methodology is to "caulize" the affected area.Suitable for cases where varicose veins do not exceed 10 mm in diameter.
- FlebectomyIt is a radical surgical method to eliminate varicose veins.The treatment is based on the direct elimination of the affected vessel.It is performed under general anesthesia under operating conditions.
Complications
What are varicose veins in the legs?This is originally a disease of sympathetic leave, loaded with serious complications as it advances.It should be understood that swollen veins are a potential threat to general health.
Phlebitis
It is an inflammation of the venous wall.Phlebitis is caused by its excessive stretching and, as a result, the microtrauma of the internal coating of the container.It is the most common complication of the varicose veins located on the legs.As a general rule, symptoms are manifested asymmetrically.The first complaint that can make suspicion is the appearance of painful pain, intensified when touched on the affected area.The place of inflammation is compact, the skin becomes hyperemic, warm in contact.With the development of acute phlebitis, pain becomes burning, unbearable, the cover on the place of disease takes a bright red color.
Thrombophlebitis
The specified complication of the varicose veins arises, as a rule, the previous one follows.The occurrence mechanism is the formation of a blood clot in the inflamed area of the vein.Flotation thrombus is particularly dangerous.One part is fixed to the vascular wall, and the other fluctuates freely in the light in the rhythm of the blood flow.The "tail" was formed from the varicose vein affected by the waist, risks to risk and take off to the heart.The symptoms of thrombophlebitis of the veins of the lower extremities are similar to the signs of phlebitis.Hyperthermia, chills and weakness can also join them.Given the potential danger of said state, in the presence of these complaints, you must consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Flobotrombosis
The complication of the varicose veins caused by the thrombus blow in the light of the deep veins.Symptoms depend directly on the location of the blood clot.If, for example, it has formed at the level of the calf muscle, a sensation of burst will be disturbed, the swelling will extend to an ankle.Edema and pain syndrome is distributed in the lower limb when the burning enters the venous network at the level of the abdominal cavity.Flobotrombosis is often difficult to diagnose.The symptoms of this complication of varicose veins often have a lubricated clinical image, and the pathology is already manifested in the form of any potentially deadly state.With the timely detection of a complication, the doctor can resort not only to the conservative, but also to surgical treatment.
Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery (pulmonary
A blood clot, which was torn from the venous wall, moves to the right parts of the heart, then pushes to the pulmonary artery, causing a blockade of its branches.Depending on the caliber of the affected vessels, the pathology flow varies from asymptomatic to sharp and fast.Fabric signs:
- The sudden scarcity of breath: the patient "catches" the air with the mouth, like a fish.
- Tachycardia.
- Algic syndrome is characterized by pains as a heart attack.
- General weakness.
- An increase in temperature to subfebrile numbers (37-38 ° C).
- The blue skin, a cast iron tone.
- Cough.
- Heltering
This consequence of varicose veins is deadly and requires emergency measures.The treatment is carried out in a resuscitation department.In addition to the above complications, other consequences of varicose veins can occur:
- Trophic ulcers are one of its latest symptoms of varicose veins.
- Bleeding of a broken vein.
- Dermatitis.
Prevention
The disease can be noticed even before the symptoms of the varicose veins appear.Prevention measures include:
- Competent distribution of physical activity.It is recommended to alternate walking with the seat.With a high predisposition to varicose veins, it is worth excluding the elevation of severe loads, the work associated with a prolonged position on the legs.
- Using comfortable shoes and clothes.The permit of the heel does not exceed 4 cm.
- Correction correction.The normal weight is an indicator that significantly reduces the probability of symptoms of varicose veins.
- The use of compression knit garments (as prescribed by a doctor).If a feeling of gravity appears, the fatigue in the legs in the context of physical activity, the work associated with a prolonged position, we are talking about laundry of the first degree of compression.
- Foot massage (only in the absence of pronounced varicose veins).It can be done independently.
What are varicose veins?This is a stretch of the walls of the peripheral veins, whose appearance is more associated with the characteristics of lifestyle.In the initial stages, create the illusion of "harmless."However, the underestimation of the insidiosity of the varicose veins is loaded with complications that are difficult to eliminate.With the help of simple preventive measures, it can prevent not only the pathology itself, but also to avoid its distant dangerous consequences.