The varicose veins of the lower extremities are a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle (in more than 75% of cases) inherent to most modern professions.To stop the first signs of the disease, it is enough to change nutritional habits and increase physical activity.Varicose veins in the legs are loaded with the appearance of trophic ulcers.Therefore, it is inappropriate and insecure to start the state of health.
What are varicose veins?
The disease is directly related to venous blood flow.The more often the blood stagnates in the veins, the greater the probability of expanding its walls.A healthy organism contributes to full blood circulation (in addition to cardiac activity) by regular reduction in muscle fibers.Thanks to the operation of the muscles:
- The pressure increases and decreases systematically in the vessels
- The valves of the veins work harmoniously: they open and close accordingly to the heart rate
- Blood does not have time to stagnate, the speed of its circulation allows you to pump in the middle of the veins
If the power of attraction facilitates the arterial blood flow of the legs, then for the implementation of the deer, the body makes additional efforts, pushing blood from the bottom up to the heart.The incomplete closure of vein valves is the cause of the destabilization of blood circulation.Establishing blood between the valves causes an even greater expansion of the veins.This condition is called varicose veins.
Symptoms
If you do not pay attention to the first signs of pathology, there is a high risk of its subsequent progression in more severe stages.The results are potentially disappointing, until the beginning of death.Therefore, it is not delayed with prevention and therapy, when the following symptoms appear:
- Pain restriction The lower extremities, an increase in fatigue is observed.
- The veins of a dark tone (bluish or reddish) are bulky on the surface of the skin.
- Leg swelling (with damage to the surface and deep veins), sometimes they are possible seizures.
- Pigment spots on the skin of the ankles, legs.
The careless stages are characterized by the formation of ulcers.Its location is mainly the area of leg joints.The previous signs indicate a pathogenesis of the varicose veins.
Stage I and II
They are caused by the presence of pain, nocturnal seizures in the legs, a feeling of gravity.But diagnostic information does not indicate the presence of the disease.A vascular mesh, bluish nodules or "stars" manifests.The enlarged vein is visible and palpated.After acute legs in the legs or remain in the long term in a seated position, the containers increase in volume.
Stage III and IV
They are characterized by the systematic swelling of the legs, mainly at night, when the body manages to get tired in one day.In the morning, symptoms are reduced due to night rest.The following are the predecessors of trophic ulcers:
- Dark and antinatural skin tone (to black), due to excessive accumulation of pigments.
- Inflammation of the epithelial tissue of various intensity, from the lower redness to the vast cryor.
- Atrophic processes of the epidermis, which imply the holes of a light tone in the skin of the legs.
A trophic ulcer occurs due to the lack of nutrients in the lower extremities.In the last 4 stages of an ulcer, he acquires a chronic character and does not heal for a long time.
Stages of varicose veins
Naive patients believe that if varicose veins are visually manifested, there is nothing to worry about.The diagnosis can show the presence of a disease even with the slightest symptoms: severity, periodic tingling, unpleasant sensations in the legs.It is necessary to carefully treat your own sensations, especially with seizures or pain on calves.The prescription medications, the therapeutic procedures improve venous permeability in the legs, the state of the cardiovascular system of the entire body.
Primary
It has an independent form of pathogenesis.It is determined by a genetic predisposition against the bottom of a congenital anomaly of connective tissue, vascular walls.The interrupted blood circulation in such patients is natural.The provocative factor of the primary varicose veins is:
- Body weight excess body
- Pregnancy in which the load in the vessels increases
- Long term or mediums with adjusted elastic bands
- Daily activities that suggest a long -term stay in a permanent position
If the venous walls are weak from the moment of birth, any of the above circumstances causes the destabilization of blood flow and the development of pathology.
Secondary
Women of reproductive and average age are subject to their development.Secondary varicose veins are a consequence of an inactive lifestyle, hormonal disorders, pregnancy, excessive leg stress.The pathology arises as a complication of the diseases transmitted of the infectious or oncological genesis.The etiology of the disease includes traumatic vascular damage.Degenerative changes lead to the following phenomena:
- Damage to the integrity of venous valves
- deterioration in the muscle tone of vascular walls
- Scarce tissue nutrition, lack of oxygen enrichment
- Blood flow violation in the veins
- Increased venous pressure
- The appearance of trophic ulcers is the result of late therapy.
During the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases of all pathogen forms, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the legs.It is recommended to perform varicose veins and in a timely manner of appropriate exams.It is advisable to be in a sitting position less time.The veins of the pelvis and hips are squeezed, which negatively affects their tone.
Reasons
The main factor of the etiology of varicose veins is genetics.In addition, it does not matter in which areas of the body the disease was located in relatives.If gender is inherent to a gene that carries information about the weakness of blood vessels, sooner or later it will appear if it contributes to this:
- Sedentary lifestyle, long -term daily work activity in a sitting or standing position
- Excessive pressure on the legs associated with the lifting or moving pesos
- Alcohol abuse, smoking, drugs
- Lack of desire for physical exercises
- Long -term high -content wear
If the pathology is already diagnosed, it is necessary to start treatment as quickly as possible.
Violation of the valve apparatus veins
According to the results of numerous clinical studies, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms that lead to varicose veins with valve deficiency are reliably unknown.However, it is known that with inappropriate operation, the valves do not overlap completely to the light of the glass, which leads to the blood that flows and the development of the stagnation.This leads to such violations:
- stretch the walls of the veins
- reduction in elasticity and the ability to restore form
- Strengthen blood stagnation
As a result, disturbing symptoms are manifested in the form of edema, pain and trophic disorders.The work of venous valves is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors: inheritance, pregnancy, weight, physical activity, hormonal restructuring of the body.
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, women run the risk of the development of varicose veins.This is due to hormonal changes and the greatest load in internal organs, the lower extremities.With each subsequent pregnancy, the risk of developing vascular violation increases.In this case, varicose veins can affect not only the lower extremities, but also a small pelvis, lips, uterus.
Klimax
During menopause, there is a restructuring of the hormonal background, which can lead to a higher risk of varicose veins.Varicose veins can affect not only the legs, but also the organs of the pelvis, so violation is often confused with inflammatory diseases: cystitis, endometriosis.Varicose veins arise as a result of a decrease in the elasticity of venous walls, as a result of which there is a reverse blood in the vessels.
Prostate adenoma
The adenoma of the prostate is a pathological condition accompanied by prostate tissues and urinary output disorders.With adenoma, complaints arise:
- Ucubsiat urine
- Weakened urine flow
- Involuntary urine assignment, in particular, at night
After emptying the bladder, there is no relief, discomfort, mental stress.With a complete delay in urine, the inflammatory process can develop, increases the risk of stones.In severe cases, renal poisoning and insufficiency occur.The absence of high quality prostate adenoma therapy is loaded with complications, one of which are varicose veins.
Hormonal contraceptive reception
The reception of hormonal contraceptives is associated with a high risk of vascular complications: varicose veins, thrombosis.Such a drug group causes a dose -dependent effect: an excess risk of estrogen is equated with a greater probability of thrombosis.With a hereditary predisposition to varicose veins, it is recommended to refrain from using hormonal media and consider the possibility of using other safer contraception methods.
Hereditary predisposition
Hereditary predisposition is one of the key factors that leads to the development of varicose veins.In people with such a risk factor, the formation of a fine vascular mesh is observed.In the first signs of a violation, it is important to direct efforts to the prevention of greater disease progression: use compression knit garments, routine -based preparations and Godmine, say preference to moderate physical effort, observe the mode of alcohol consumption and make yoga.
Insufficient physical activity
The hypodinamic lifestyle often leads to the progression of varicose veins.The care of the selection of adequate physical effort with the existing varicose veins must be negotiated preliminary with a phlegm.The unequivocal benefits are taken to daily walks in fresh air at a comfortable pace: at least 10,000 steps per day.The venous system loves mobile sports.Of particular benefit to swim, run, cycling, walking Scandinavo.It is recommended to exclude the implementation of those exercises that can cause traumatic lesions from the lower extremities.
Overweight
Excess body weight is a risk factor that increases the predisposition to the development of varicose veins.The situation is aggravated when other diseases, hormonal changes, bad habits bind.It is not recommended that people with varicose veins adhere to a severe diet and a mono diet, so the process of losing weight must be as soft and natural as possible.When the patient directs efforts to normalize body weight, automatically slows down the progression of varicose veins.
In the initial stages of the varicose veins, the exit of venous blood slows down under the influence of hereditary and predisposing factors.Excess body weight only exacerbates this situation.Pathological changes within valves and blood vessels lead to the activation of a special mechanism: "leukocyte rolling".This leads to the accumulation of leukocytes in the endothelium layers and the development of inflammatory reactions.The pathological process gradually extends to the entire channel of the venous vessels, causing weight loss and stretching of the venous walls, as well as the deformation of the valves.
An unhealthy lifestyle
People who do not adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle often face varicose veins.The situation is complicated with a motionless or inactive lifestyle, malnutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol, long static or sitting loads.Therefore, to avoid a greater progression of varicose veins, it is necessary to direct efforts for the correction of lifestyle: review the daily diet, normalize weight, get rid of bad habits.
Leg injuries
Traumatic leg lesions are often complicated by varicose veins.A wide variety of damage can affect the status of the valves and veins: a soft tissue hematoma, damage to the joints, violation of bone integrity.Any lesion of muscles, joints and bones leads to edema, violations of blood exit in the area of superficial and deep veins.
Stagnation can be activated even by minor injuries that require compliance with bed rest.Bone fractures are associated with a high risk of thrombosis.Medical statistics confirm that the risk of developing varicose veins in people who suffered foot injuries are several times higher than in the rest.If you are injured, first of all, the efforts are directed for treatment.In the future, medications are selected to guarantee optimal blood flow and prevent the thinning of blood vessels.It is advisable to use compression knit garments selected by a phlebologist.
Possible complications
In addition to the difficulties in movement, pain, varicose veins pose a threat to blood clots.They leave, causing a death.Due to the circulation of a torn blood clot, not only the vessels of the limbs, but also the pulmonary artery can suffer blood flow.At the same time, thromboembolism is diagnosed with the relief of the blood supply to the lung.Often, the consequences of varicose veins are:
- phlebitis
- stagnant dermatitis
- Chronic venous deficiency
- Restless legs syndrome
Septic thrombophlebitis occurs due to purulent decomposition of a blood clot in the blood plasma.Aseptic phlebitis is a potential complication of Vienna injection of special substances to blame its light (sclerosis).
Diagnosis
The Doppler study is a standard diagnostic method for varicose veins.It is often used for the primary suspicion of pathology without obvious external signs, offers clear ideas about its presence or absence.UZDS - duplex scan of ultrasound, refers to professional research methods.Combining ultrasound and dopplerography possibilities, UZD can show:
- Cross size
- The speed of movement, address and intensity of blood circulation (color coding images are shown in the medical equipment monitor)
- The condition of the valves, the venous walls (thanks to the topography of the vessels)
- Specific expansion location
- the presence of blood clots, other obstacles to the circulation of full blood
Duplex diagnosis: "Gold standard", among other methods to study varicose veins in the legs.These include: occlusive plalyism, radionuclide phlegoscintography, reflexive reography, photoPlmography, CT, contact phlebography X -Ray, direct phlegotetry.With your help, the viability of surgical intervention is revealed.Procedures help identify the quantity and location of blood clots, pressure inside the veins, the characteristics of blood flow disorders.
Treatment
In the initial stage of the development of the disease, the media of local use: cream, ointments effectively help.This therapy is convenient for domestic use.Only a few uses can reduce the symptoms of the expansion of surface veins by 43% by 10-14 days a day.Another way to strengthen the elasticity of the veins is a contrast shower or a bathroom.Under the influence of the temperature difference, the vessels expand and narrow, thus improving their tone.For prevention and therapy of varicose veins, they also use:
- The use of a decoction of chamomile and mint, alcohol tincture in the flowers of the white acacia.
- Wrapping with chestnut tincture of horses.
- Rubbing in the affected places of apple vinegar, which contains many trace elements, vitamins.
- Compresses with white, blue or green clay, which can be found in a pharmacy.The recommended frequency of the procedure is twice a week.
Traditional medicine recipes complement prescribed drug treatment.But the following methods can only be applied after the approval of a phlebologist.The purpose of therapy is to restore the integrity and performance of the veins.There are 2 ways to achieve it: take (glue) or cut the blood vessels.
Laser treatment
The technique is based on the use of the thermal properties of laser radiation.Light breoe, introduced under local anesthesia in Vienna, increases the temperature of blood hemoglobin, as a result of which the walls of the glass are "sealed" from inside.Blood output is redistributed to deeper veins.The generated radiation is pointed, so it does not cause damage to the surrounding fabrics.
After a while, the new cells formed are absorbed.After the procedure, it is recommended to use a specialized knitting of a type of compression.It is important to refrain from excessive physical effort and the use of heels.Thanks to laser coagulation, it is possible to overcome varicose veins with a painless and minimally invasive form.
Sclerotherapy
It is prescribed in the initial stages of the disease with a slight expansion of veins.It allows to regulate the light of small ships between the "grid" or "stars".The procedure is a standard injection without pain relief, the average duration of manipulation is 7-14 minutes.The sclerosing substance performs the function of hitting with the subsequent reabsorption of the recently formed connective structure.As a result, the varicose veins stopped in 10-14 days.The relapse of symptoms requires restructuring sclerotherapy in exceptional cases.
Socks and stockings
Compression underwear is classified by the length of: golfs (to the knee), stockings (to the thigh), means (at the waist).Patients are recommended during physical activity (even in simulators or in a fitness room).The compression linen is indicated for long -term movements or, on the contrary, with a long stay in a sitting position.Medical knitwear contributes to blood circulation in difficult periods for blood vessels.
The benefits of the means are invaluable: compress the veins, improving blood flow.Its production specificity is based on the main function: helping blood to move from below to the heart.Therefore, in the area of the ankles they are difficult and higher, they become louder.A similar purpose in elastic bandages that contribute to the elimination of swelling, discomfort.But the Knitwear are more convenient, comfortable in the process of putting, eliminating, operating.The manufacturer installs its voltage power, and the probability of sliding on the skin is minimal.
Surgical intervention
It is prescribed in the extreme stages of pathology, when the rest of the therapeutic methods are ineffective.The most common operation is phlebectomy (resection of large vessels).Also sustained:
- Surgical interventions in a Saffo-Focus and Saffer-Fenome South
- Trunk amputation of a large subcutaneous vein
- Intravasal plastic of deep ships
Many are an opinion on the inappropriation of the elimination of veins if they do not interfere with life.However, surgeons have their arguments on this subject: stop the danger of the formation of blood clots, first.The surgeon's professionalism plays an important role.
Rehabilitation after surgery
Includes standard recommendations for the failure of lymphovenosis:
- Mobility activation in accordance with the allowed standards established by the doctor.First it must at least occasionally knead the legs, then change to physiotherapy exercises.
- Use of elastic linen of class 1-2 compression.An alternative: bandage with the imposition of fixing tours.
- The use of venotonic drugs: all kinds of ointments include and not only.In severe conditions of the patient, local treatment with ointments containing heparin, antibacterial and hormonal drugs are prescribed.Its purpose is to reduce swelling, symptoms of dermatosis, dermatolposclerosis;Improve the microcirculation of soft tissues.
- Physiotherapy: Lymphatic drainage massage (if there are no complications, for example, lymphoras and wounds, magnetotherapy (up to 8 procedures for the entire rehabilitation period).
- The relief of hematomas, pain, inflammatory processes through the use of polypherm drugs, with the content of pentoxifilin, antiplaxes.
With an approach responsible for the previous measures, the recovery period should not exceed 3 weeks, the maximum: per month.The procedures minimize the risk of blood clots, reduce the rehabilitation period.Contribute to the rapid restoration of the total blood circulation, the ability to work.Immediately after the operation, the location of the legs in a slightly high state contributes to a better blood circulation.The steps can only be taken for 2 days, exclusively with support for compression knitted garments to avoid relapse.In the postoperative period, it is strictly prohibited:
- Take hot baths or shower
- Levante Severity, subject to the body with excessive loads
- Use a hard wipe and body care products (hygiene procedures must be carried out only with warm water)
- Remove the scabs from the wound scars spaces
- Subject to soft tissue operated infection (for the prevention of complications, local antiseptic agents) are used
- violate the prescribed diet and a quiet lifestyle
The diet is required to include fresh vegetables, fruits and vegetables that "alk" the body.Cook all dishes with purified water.Salt is better to replace the sea: it does not contain strange impurities that ray the vessels from the inside.
Prevention
To avoid varicose veins in the legs, it is enough to observe the main condition: daily, but moderate physical activity is necessary.Even patients with congenital defects of venous walls can avoid the disease if the following recommendations are followed:
- The realization of an electrophosimulation of the legs is a simple but useful procedure available for all for use in the home.It is enough to buy a neuromuscular stimulant in the pharmacy and use it according to the instructions.
- During flights or long trips, the legs must massage, regardless of, with the help of Pinccar, Pico Luchy, rubbing.The massage will eliminate stagnant phenomena in the lower extremities.
- Do not get involved in the use of near model shoes: heel height is directly proportional to the level of risk of varicose veins.
- The hardening of cold water is an effective way to tone the cardiovascular system.
After a long stay in a sitting position, you must walk or roll in standing position from the foot to the heel.The recommendations listed are useful for people with a type of office work, they help minimize the risk of varicose veins for drivers and vendors.